Comments
Description
Transcript
Document 1734994
, syLLABus FcR poLyMER .HEMrsrRy -a x-. MArN (tll1d*) J Paper I - Theoretical and lnor-qar - lhentistry-l 60 Hor.t Atom ' 24 Horrr^s ic Stnucture 'I lntr^oduction - Development of atomic theory (t hour) 2 D ischar^ge tube experimeni,s - Determinat ion of ef :nr,. D i::overy of fundamental particles-electron, proton, neutron, positron nleson, nutrino, antinutr^ino, their charge and mass (S hrs. ) 3. Rutherford model of atom-particles scattering-defects of the model Quantum theory-E instein's rrrodif ication-Hydrogen spectrum-Ba lmen ser'ies-Ba lmer f ormtl la-Ry dberg formu la , R itz combination principle-Bohr's Postulates-qua'ttisation of irr the a ngu lar- momentum-Ca lcu lat ion of rad ius of orb it in of station.l",'states Hydrogen atom-Calculation of energy Emission sp€ctra hydrogen atom-Electronic transition Hy drogen number, wave length of f requency-\!ave extetrsionsommerfeld's specira-Limitation of Bohr^n theory, inadequacies of Sommerfeld's model-Ouantum nrlmbers principal, azimuthal and magnetic quanturn nrlmbers, Zeentann effect and spin quantum number-s-Parrli's ex.clltssiorr (S hrs.) principle. L. s matten welve concept-the part ic le and wave nature of electrons Como'on effect Photo electric ef fect. de-Brog lie' '',,, ,.,,'iI', I Angu lar-orobab ilit5r-slrapes 6r s i cirr-rz€S-i1 aoia i probab irty. p, and <J orbitals v"'i"l': propei^ symmeiry repnc'sen'.artion norlal , r., ,r, .- , .- ,..r,,,,1-i-, -'.--, ,l ,lr' ,,',.=,I of or-'bitais-fiiiirrg up-LOrrIigr-rraiir-rrl ()r' atoms Aufbau pr^inciple rule of maximunt mr-rltiplicily, stab ility of comp letely f illed ancl ha lf f i I led orb ita ls. (S hrs.) piai.re-repi'esei-r'raIiorr 5. Automic Nucleus-Nuclear forces-N lP natio-Natur^al radio-activity modes of decay-Theory of radioactive disintegration-Rate of Nirtta I I ife-Ge iger ha lf constant-The irseries-Svnthet ive ioact I ad i ibr ium-R le-Rad ioaci ive equ ru protorr, tlsing Transmutation radioactivity elements-Ar itifical Nuc lear Part ic le ar cl nutnons aS project iles Deuteron, borr isotopes-Car r'adio of licat ions equrat ions-Radio-isotopes-,\pp I lar^ energy-Mass ste energy dat ing-Nuc iear dat ing-Rock dec ac y-Dec ay def ect-b \.- inding ener-gy. (7 hrs. ) ai - t-'I Dstect ion of isotop€s by Aston's mass .pec t rum-sep arat ion of isotopes us ing e lectro 9aseous and thermal duffusion methods. 6 ll Per iod . ic c lass SPeCtrograp: tiiS, magenet ic ri- -.;, I torjs (f trrs. ) if icat ion of periodic tab le As an introduct ion on ly, (t l'rr. ) 2. Mose ley' s work on X-rays-Atomic Number- I ts importance_The modern per iodic Law The long form of periodic (tUpaC convention) table_ C lass if icat ion lnto s, p: d, f block elements General str,r. llrre. I 3. Deve lopment Periodicity of properties-Trends in a peniod and gnoup reference to the fo low ing proper-t ies - Atom ic .rad i i ion ic with rad i i , Atom ic vo lume, ion isat ion energy-success ive ion isat ion energ ies, electron aff inity and electr<.r negativity. (3 hns. , ) Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure (Zt, Hrs. ) lectronic theory of valency due to Kossel and Lewis. octet .'le ionic bond, covalent bond and co-ondinate bond ac_corcJing to classical concepts-conditions for^ the forrnation bonds-Characterist ics of the three types of compounds of the le electrovalency-inentpair effect_Enenget ics of 'ariab ionic E hnn z-t P.^.- -, r-! -.!.--.-. .1----:_-j.+iE+<;" -_ ._ . ttrrt't rJ( rl(-r>' ;,*, +._.-E-. *- . , ',uuir.,r > ^ rrtiittenc (5 L-c ino \ Potent ia I energy diagrams for the intenact ion of two hy drogen atoms-bcnd length, co_va lent radii, bond onder, bond strength and bond ang les-inadequancy of octet nule to explain molect_rlar shaS-re = Valence bond rnethod of overlap- of half filled Atomic orbitals leading to bond format ion-factors gove.n ing extent of or,u ep l3p s-S, s-p. p-p oven rap nepresentat ion of mothe recu res r ike H2, F3, Hl ,02, N2-sigma and pi bonds-rimitations ro exprain the shape of mo lecu les. (t, hrs. ), concept of hybr id isat ion-ground state electron ic conf igur at ion_ p.omotion of electrons to excited state spr sg2, sp3,_dl sp} dz propert ies of hybrici or^b ita ls-s-character and p character_vsEpR eometry ofmo lecu les_CH{ sNc tzt XeF2, PC 1J\r . 1 _:3:_ a 5. n6r, of va lence bond theory_lvic,y ip. r;;.r6 i)r'trital lltrrtr.t1r'',o and ant i-bonding orbita ls_olectr.,. -, rlr:rrs,ity irr tlrr, internr,rclearr region-addition and sut-rrr A.O. r.rsl,r!.1 Dcs ignat inn of N4.O. , energy sequence_eleci.ro, rrrrlf iqq-.1 ..trat iort Of r ; r3cip1111;1 bo161 r-Jiaton ic i _,+ --__._ ,r.,, lcc 11 _-_ ^2' z, fu,; *€r,n, o2,oi,l=., leq srcli .rs Hl U^ H(z, Erirlar-,aiion of boncJ or^dei and magnetic prope,r-..ies il-re lict:i of M.O apprcact1. 6. Nt, \-lcl arb.rv'c irr ( lli rir-ocler-, bcncl - intei^ molecuiar ancJ , ,.a r-rlar: with c\an'ple. Hycirogen br^idge boncj in d ibor ane-Meta i , rr bo.c-eiectnon pooi theony and explan.:tion of c_onrluctivity, ma I ieeb iiit-v, clirct ilitrz-va lengy bond t[-reor5, ancl M.O. tl-ieor-5,-Resonance theorl,-l I lustr^at. J b), .1 - N NO, NO CC co^ No 2 Grn<li t ions ei! of resonance 5 I lrs. lV Co-ordinat ion Chemistry [3rrl-r le r - i, :::ic:. sa lts ...: ana .o.i1n 1.,]: 1 ,:a-ir-ir_ri a,-a-,^! ,-- -1.- t,iJ^ - '- ^*l tsrjr;r€il:....<:;-;:rt-.: - ic.i-ti:.:,Iicl-.:, li.1, lll-r'i.., Ce,-or^din.:tion. Co-r:r..cit.taticn pc:,.licr.,,poli.,,-,rr isatiorr ainr; Lrrrl<aqc: isonrer- isr Thc,oi'-ies of l^.onding e>:p la inccJ by v.r lorrr:c I>orrrj ll-rorrr.r.r. Appirc.rt i!j:) of con.rpleres in qualitative V 6i,u, quantitative Analvsis. - idat ion St-le-Ox idat ion Number rzar !=b !e O:_r icj;i ir-:i-i S.tait:S : 't cr' .' -rC--t,Oi,--,et,f -liit- cultLcpt-vXl{]atlOn nUrytber C()ftcei)t - Balanc.ing Redox reaction by combination of half reactions rr-sincl ion-electr^on method-Reactions involving r\ Ox :-J^r:-.- n F.2*) qualitative Sr,'stenrat ic conrpouncJs sa lts conta r"3t, sr,2t, s.4 \, I; t -KMNo4,Fe2 ltf , OoIHZ O2 lonic e';.lations for r" rical rear-tions l),s is. o frr>rrr ng of simple compounds the follov,,irrg tv1rr,[lirrnr-y tnioLrs types-Oxy-ac ids, ac id ha lides, O" .y ac_ir) sa lts, S two or more cationic species-Acid salts, hyclrates. (5 l-rrs.) i v -i4:- ! ivlar-i-r s : CJ O,restirrn Paper Ser I i,r'i l. Nrrocel I 16 c;rresi i()i-r (oiri of f'T to be answerocl eacr, car^rY,'^,9 2 rrr I arks, 30 M;rrks Si'r t i,^,;r il' i.ns (r_.rri of 6) ta ber answei ed each car-ry ing 5 .marks' 20 Mar'[<'', Sec' \. L f/t,'vLs ir,r,s, (c,t,t of 4) to be answerecl 'ach carry ing lO rnark s'90 T,lt a | 70 Ma rl< s Text Bccks C()ntpanion A.L. Chernictrl bonding Tata Mc. Grar'v Hill' 3r'll a.F . arncJ Latt Modern approach to lnorganic l. 2. Ct'tertrislrS' n L "r-irltln. 3. r-olJ .D. fr',.' lqg I rrc;r-E..'.nicChernistry E.L.F'S' L. (:i ir-i.rti, L.s. FUncar-,nenta I concepts oi I norgarr ir cl'r''ryris,tr'.,' l'.rrlrrrl-.rrsl.ra Co Lt.i., Tokya. 5. l,/, r-rcll i l',1 Ketir S.F.A. anci Tecjder. J.Nr. Vr'cnr-y l'i-rr-'rrr;' V''ilrry. 6. B,-,.,,.. . G I . A nc_.\\, qir icie to Mocjei-n Va lency Thecrv Lonqnt irrns. 7. Ciitlori A.F. a,nci Wilkinson G Basic lnorganic -;iemislr-v lnier- 'ic!-tr c r.. Pncs:,. (,.';1.: 5r,a': S lnor-c:,l^,ic iea(:.,crls and sir' 8r ti ic'rv. oa)'i rt 1i. i-';'-r-eilng L (.-liese i..-.r':.-.:.ai:y v: I ijoi'IlDa\/ - .,2. Pirr^i anrj Shanm.a -t;,xi Ror-lk of lnorganir: Chemistry Nagirr an(J Cornpany. 13. llrrar;krr G S Theoritical Pi^,nciples of lnorqarrir- Clrcrt i'-.try l;tl;r N(egrr.' Hiil. iL- Rar: C N ii Univei^si'.5' General Chemistry Vikas' 15. Sor-,i P L Text Bcol< of lnorganic Chemistry Su,tairt Cl-r;:: rl ;lrrrl Sr, ' + q--10 \'e-5;r:: -\8': ;-,.. D-o-}. ':' i--a':,1' irvu A'-,=ir:i: 3'l'-PSr* *+" &:'; Reference Eo':L<: Cottcr''r F3 z 3 \Y: ik inscn G Aova;,ced Sc ience. i I n Organ ic Chemistry I nter 2- iieslop R B ancj Rcbins('-' P.i-. ln Organic Ctrenristry [: lsr'vic'iry ln O nic- e' -rnisiri' Vc. i 3. Phiiips C.S.G a.nd \Aiiil.ams R.J.P. t, . ll Clarendor,. T I ;r Organ :'- Me i ier Chem isiry 5.Sencierson R.T in or qanic Chemis'lr^y P'-,ein 6.. llesrile R J l\rioleciriar Geoi';retry Van Abs F' o __.q. -APER II- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY_I i'lote t' t, o rr,n* Stucie;'ris are to be tr aineci in working out probrems invorving formul." o,..,-ti" basic o; oata pnovided ;I.",:i :::.:t"=:.".,r."ia; ;;;;:::iir';.=::fi[". 3' 4' ;1, e expected to be derived onry in cases I::::i"::tI= "t reactions are expected onry in cases specificary interpne-at :l::';::': ion or the neact iv un.tn';tl"lul.=,-.,"."1,-::l-o:n-!lvbridisat ioi-, ity or of runct iona r onb i:a g.,v is in tJt sroups ,^7:",.. - ^ I ICLr,--wi; ^^. ci ispiacei-,*renis - I 11...... DOn(;c ct i'-','i.t\.,' -l ly ijrttEeii F- i is i-;.. 1,.i i^ r.^a=> in rno,".ul:r anc thein cunsequences-induci ive, ef;ec-s-Hyperccnjugat ive effect-ote;-ic mesome_ric "r..;::;;l;. effects_l r rusirai rons. (7 Hnr,-. I til r,. , __ _.Jf lv,l ,O or gan iC neaCt i ron mecha:'r lsms_C leavage of sir,gle >;ng ie bond bon c' the Hcrrolyt ic and hetenolyt ic rad ica ls-Ca: bon ium ions f iss ions Free , ca ilustrat ions_Ment ion of types of organ ic l,::"bhflions-! !^eact ions-addit ion, e I im inat ion, subsi iiut ion reaniangement ( rnechan isn:s and not expected reege;i:s-eleciroph i les hene)Types of les,, nuc nu( ie:ph i les, =li'r'111".,, free ca rb. nes-E i ei-nen t a ;-y rad ica ls and , i iea _co, i ""r", "r;T step. iv (z hours) 'ocarbons: Genenar methods of prepanat ion and genera propent i of a lkanes, a rkenes .nJ- u-trvnes-React iv ity of r o, 20 and .jo carDo s-conjugated, cumurated unJ"i=ot.t"a doubte uonas_exampres_ prepanat Hy r st ilbene, 'J."^,'i,:".'.:?ii';;i "::ffi#:s of r, s-J,t.oi6n",- ;;o;;;; -:6: et ic petrol Coa ltar dist ill_ lene, naphthalene, anthracene rcJ ert ies-Structr.Jre of benzer,re D iphcny I methane, Tripheny , I Mechanisrn of addition to alkenes-Electrohilic and free racJir_al tvpe-s imp le examp res-Markown ikof f 's ru re-perox ide ef fect. Concept of aromat ic ity Benzenoid and non_benzenoicl <rrornat i<-s_ Hrrckel's rule aromaticiiy in cationic and anionic state ferrocene. ilic subst itut ion-transit iorr st;rl(, ene. methods of preparat ion anc.j heory-Theory of stra in less ax ia I and equator- ia I [onrjs_ I , 3 nformat ions of mor.rosr_rbst itr_ltcrJ compounds_ i I lustnated by mrrscone ( r^! Ofe6anati..n tert iar'r.'j ha lr,.,o^ ,1,:v:,_ii'euirilJuuirus ^^,-^^,..--, ge''Yr and vic dichloricjes. Nuc leoph i I ic subst itut ion react ions-Ef fect of reac t i v i ty-Steneochem istry I nvers ion . srJ!' rc: f \ s:-\)1;rrgf-ali fnClfln4c nf "'-';i-;'-'Ltut pr irriei-) , ?rtrl -.u-{)rlciar''r' ..t. ' .v'| oT atkaneS_Vinyl chlorirje _ allyl cl-rlorii-.ler in alkyl halj'des-mechanism of Srrl <rnrJ 3rr2 stnucture of a lky I group on of nuc leophilic subsiitut ion _ Wa tclen Mecl'ranism Saytzef ?n L.^,,-- of elim.inat ion neactions in alky I halides 's rute - elim inat ion exarrp le. (E I ancj E2) Ary I l-ra I ides - ch roro , bromo and iodcbenzens , ch ronoto ruenes , bertzy chloride, benzar chroride and benzotricilorioe E\r:rarati<;n_Gener.rr w ith ha tosen in ir,e nu(: te,rs ancr ha tosen i;Tl,:"::o:t.ll,oJocarbons r Mechan ism of nuc leoph ilic subst itut ion involv ing benzyne intenmediate. in ary I ha lides-subst itut ion (12 houns) 3 ,',^ -i7ivI o'-cl.rnomenta llic compounds: preparat ion, synthet ir. rrs.s Slrttc tt' ;' of Grgnard Reagents-org.:nc>zine (-c)rnr)orJnr1s-.Rr,:f.rrrra reac tir f); qanoritr-rium compounds-their^ uses-Leacr ;,r j tetraethyr. (0 hours) Vll Hydroxy compounds: Alcol'rols-classification-nomenclature-isomerism-general methocJs r:f r)reparat ion and genera r propent ies of pr imary, sec()rrcr.rry an(, te.ti.:ry alcohols-distinction betw:en 1" rzi, 3o .arcohorsuses Reactivity of R-OH in lo, Zo, 3o, alcohols illustratecl br., action of nteta l, organic acid and harogen acid Ascent and descent in arr,e11.r; series-Mechanism of alconolic fermentation-Porvder alcohol-l-Jnsatrrrat.,rj a lc<''ho l-a I ly I a lcohol-cyc rohexanor and benzy r a rcohor-rnr-,rrt ir.,rr orr ry. I Phenols Gener a I methods of preparat ion of monohycJr ir_ phenors_ Mantrfacttrre of plrenol-properties and uses-pr€paration of r:l ihyrlrir J-rhenols and trihydric phenors-uses (propert ies n()l e\pec ted ) -C reso I s-Nap lrt ho ls-sy nt hes is on I y . Nittophenols-p icric acid-aminophenols-pheny I esters-pheny I ethers (anisole, phenitole)-[)neparation-Mechanism of Fries Rearranc]erront, C la ison rearrangernent . Mention of name reactions such as Kolbe-Schmidt, Reimer-Tiernanrr arrrl h react i<;ns expected. ( tz flrlr 16. ) Hcresc V I I I Ethers and Epoxidies: Nomenc latur-e, isomenisnr and pr-ep;irat i6rr t'rf etl-rers Preparation of vinyl ether-Vanillin-General -r;ri-r iriir< t,{ I C t-t()UrF ! ' xi carbony I compunds: Nomenc rature of a rrrelrydes arrrr ll^.1lzolnnac | - -ri'\t-ivi iL.5 n^^^^\rui ici ci Ii ivietilOCjS pr-eparat <.li ion ancJ gener a I pr6pert ies 6[ alrJehydes and ketones with special reference to tl-re formalrJehyrle, acetaldehyde, cr^otonaldehyde, banzaldehyde, cinnamic alcJehyrlr:, clcetone, butanoue-2, acetophenone, benzophenone, c]s in11es. s.r iir ',,i.rriehvr-ie an- Cour''=-rir;^.^ntlLlil .:., i- ... ;..:ci_.,._, .:,,jf,,r <rS R<'senn tlnci recllrction, Etard's reaction, Scrr,melet's rlethr>rl . Gattermann-Koch synthesis. Cannizzaro reaction, Clasisen Schrrirlt reaction, Perkin's reaction, Claisen condensation, Knoer,,er-ragel react ion expected. Mechanism of pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement anrl Bcc.krrr;rrrrr rearrangement expected-Tests to distinguish betw:en a lrJehyrles ;rnrl ketones. ( tZ Iro,rrs ) X Carbohydrates: Classification-manufactuse, reaction-= anrl r-r ses ctf glucose, fructose, sucrose maltose ancj lacto.-ce-[?irrr] structures-Conf igurat ion of monosaecharides viz. threoser e tr\,tlrr()qn, arab inoser mannose, g lucose and fruetose-Ascent ancl clescent ip a I doses- I nter-convers ion of ketoses-en imrisat ion-mutarotat ion-E lementary a I doses study of starch cellulose (including industrial uses; stnucture not expectecl.) ( l. Afrrl ernrJ houns ) 2 I I l i -:8: PAPER III - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (gs hrs) Not e Group discussion means discussion based on physical pnopert ies such lon ic atom ic and va lency , conf igurat ion, as e lectron ic radit-ionisation potential, electron affinity, electronagativi:y, and Oxiclation States, of the elements; Comparison of physical and chemical proper^ties of hydrides. Oxides, helides and oxv-acids of the elements: Similarly in properties and gradation in properties so as to justify the pcsition of the elements as a group in the periodic table and diagonal relationship whereven applicable. Hydrogen: Position in the periodic table, manufacture ancl uses, preparat ion, propert ies and uses of a llotropes and isotopes of hydrogen-Hydrdes:- Classificationr preParation; properties and Uses. (S hrs. ) l. ll. Chemistry of 's' block elements: a) The alkali metals: Group discussion, comparison of proper-ties of ox ides, hy drox ides, carbonates and b icarbc nates. At-rnonrna Behaviour of Lithium Alkali metals ln liquid ammonia as (S hours ) reduc ing agents; photoc lectr ic ce I I . I b) Alkaline earth neials: Group discussion, comparison of beryllium rvith other elements and aluminium. Prepar^ation, properties and: .:::p:- II t a) I i ' Chemistry of t p' .:. ,-,:--t 1'..:. ,i:: i;:- i!r,. i- -: - b i<rck eiernenis: The bor^on farnily: Grcup discussicn, relationship cf borcn'"vith propent ies and uses of boron tr iox.i rle, s i I icon; preparat ion, boric acid, borax, boron trifltroride, boron nitride, diborane anrl bcnazols, structure of diborane; Lithium alurminiumhydride anrl Jpi-ope,- Llaies ii(r.oi-iyoi-ioe--Daepai-a'tiort: and uses of hh lides and Cata lyst: t)vuiLiiii -^-J:.,---. test b fqll:.; t-^-^L.,-l-: arl(r r.Jse5: r)r)r (lx L)eaa() Group discussion I a I lotropes of Carbcn, their structure and pr^openties.- Carbides and their classification; Preparat ion, propert ies, structure and uses of Carbon monr>r icle, Carbon disulphide, silica, silica gelt, Carborundum, ancl silir:ones. Glass-types ard manufacturel silicates-classificatir>rr, exarrtples ( a hrs) and structune. )The Carbon f amily. c) Group discussionl allotropet of The nitrogen Farnily: phosphorous; Preparat ion, propert ies, uses and strur-ture of ( including anions) ammonia: hydnazine, hydrazoic acirJ, hydroxylamine, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitnogen clioxicle, -:9: - a pento\icie: nitroLls acid and nitric a( Phosphor^oUS ,r- iox ide and pentox phosphoric e id, meta ancl pyr( phosphates, Pr-, s.. :ine, arsinc and st ib nitrogen cycle i..,)d inorganic fertilizr solrrent: Mirnor test for arsenic and at i cl) :id, nilrites arrrJ nilrates. de: phosp J-orotrs .1r irl, 'phesphoric acirJsr arrrl tine, f ixa t ion of n itrogen , )rs- Liqu id ammon ia as atinony pc,isons. (tO hrs. ) Tlrc Orygen f amily: Group discussion, allotropes of Oxygen and lpl-rur: Prepar^at ior-r, propent ies, USg5 and 51pg6[rlFe of hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, sulphurous ac icl, su lphur' trioride, sulphuric acid, thionyl Chlor i&, Chlorosulphonic acid Su lphury I Ch lor ide, O leum, Permono an rd per clisu lphur ic ac ids, Sociium th iosu lphate: hyposu lph ite and metab isu lph ite-Ox ide:-. ancJ their c lassif icat ion-uses of seleniun'. Su ( e) f B l-ro, rrs ) Tl're halogen family: of Group discu rssion; peculiarities f luorine,-Preparation, pnoperties, uses r and structur-e of hydrides of ha logens: Oxides and oxy acic js of Chlorine, iodine pentoxide, iodic acid and per iocii c acid; l-rypochlorites, Cl-rlorates, perchlor^ates, per^iodates anc J bleaching pr>wcler -Basir n.tt(rre of iodine, interhalogen Corrpour rds; pset-rcloha loqens anrJ (B h.rrrrs) polvhalicle ions. ) The Zero Group cf elements: Gnoup c Jiscussion; importance ctf electronic configuraticn, Occurrence, iisolation and separation (Charcoa I adsorpt ion method on ly ) and uses-preparat ion properties and structure of holides. Oixides ancl Oxylralides of lV Chemistry of 'd' block elernent.s: I Character^ isi ics: Group discussion o f (a) Copper-Silver golcj (b) Z\nc, 6adrniui-r. and mercur)' (c) ir^on, cobalt, nicl<el Genera /;\ il,r .\--:.- t..'!' l: i\rturtt dli(, ar iat irrurrr. V Chemistry of rf' block clements: (( ancJ an.J heu".s_) r Electrcnic configuration, Oxidation States, ionic- -adii, contraction- ts causes and consequences: Colour anrJ magnetir. prcpert ies c.f their ioqs and Chemical realctivityof tl-re <--lerrtorrts. Extraction of lanthanldes from monazite sancl (.ion excharige rnethorle on y).Mine ral sands of Kerala occurrence, composition an(r their in portance. lantl'ranide Actinides-Occurrence and preparation of transuranic elernerrts. ( 0 l'ror.rrs ) -: V I Genera I princ ip les and l0: methoc1s of extrar t ivr: a meta ls-ones ) OccurrenCe of and concentrat ion-slags and f luxes-refractories. b ) i-neta I lrrrgy: - ',ods of t l-re ir Genena I methods of extract ion and ref in ing of meta ls inc lrtrl ing Van Arke lp.ocess and Zone ref ining. c) Extractive metallurgies and uses of chnomium, n,rnganese, nickel, thonium, unanium and titanium-Manufacture of iron an<J steel. ci Principles of extraction and uses of the followinq rare rrretals: ) I Lithium from lep dolite (acid treatment on ly ) 2 Ber^y lium from bery 3. Vandium fnom Su lphide ore, 4 Malyodenum from sulphide ore and 5 Tungsten frcm wolframite I Vll Theoretical principles of qualitative and quatitative (tS hrs. ) analysis: Applicaticn of solubility product and common ion effect: lnterfer"ring acicj radicals and their elimination. Primary standards and standard solutions. Theor y of titrations involving acids ancJ bases, permanganate, dichromate, iodine and liberated iodine-lndicators: Acicl base, internal, external and adsor^ption indicators-Principles of cclourrnetric estimations and complexometric titrations. lr Experirnetria i errors in quant itai. rve analysis and treatment of clata Accuracy and pnecision, classification of ennors: Minimisation of , a-l?l-.a-r!^^ I rv, vu u! ivr i ^A ur ...^:-L. wElgl rLs cllluJ of results and significant figures. Vl I --^-llledSLjI'lfl9 VeSSelS. Hf esefltal lof) (10 hrs. ) I lndustrial chemistry ar) Chemical industries in Kerale A brief study of factories in Kerala where the following products are manufactuned. (Location, raw matenials used, products, chemistry involved in the product ion and uses on ly ) Urea, ammon ium su lphate ammonium phosphate super phosphate of lime. D.D.T., BHC; acids, alkalies, chlorine, Titanium dioxide, gl.-rss; Sugar, a lcohol rayon and synthet i-- eJetergents. b) Pollution of soil, ain and water by chemical industries anrJ their prev€ nt ion. c) Soil 'resting: deterrnination of PH; estimation of nitr-ogen ancl phosphorous by colourimentric methods and potassium by flame p hotornetry . 0 hour_. ) -:11:Test Books l. Companion /',.L.Cherrical bcnding-Tata Mc Grow Hill. 2. Bell C F..i,j Latt: Moder^n approach to lnorganic C]-remistry Butterlvortlr, London. 3. Lee J.D.Concise lnorganic Chemistry, E.L.B.S. 4. Gi lreath E .S. Fundamenta I Concepts of I norgan ic Chem istr-y Kagal<rrsha Co. Ltd., Tokyo. 5. Cotton A F and Wilknson - G. Basic lnorg.rric- Chemistry 6. Gorrld Evan's lnorganic r^eactions and structure, lnterscience Press. 7. Parkes G.B. Mellors Modern inorganic chemistry ELBS B. Part ington - Text Book lnorganic Chemistry ELBS. 9. Puri and Sharma. Text Book of lnorganic Chemistr y-Nagin artr) Crt. 10. Manku G.S. Theretical Principles of lnorqanir- Cl-rcmistry Tat:r lvlr Grcw Hill. 11. Sori P.L.Text Book of lnorganic Clremistry Sulton Clrand anrJ 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Sons. Vogel A.l.Text Book quantitative Analysis. ELBS A.K. Dc. Environmental Chemistry Wiely Eastern LimitecJ. [4.L. Jackson, soil chemical Analysis Beer - Chemistry of soil. Wilson: inorg.rr-ric- Cl-rernislr-y-green Co.., Longmanns A.K.Barnard, Theoretical lnorganic Chemistry Tatrr-M.- Gr,:tw tlill. l? . 18. cslcp and Robinson-lnorganic Chemistry, E lsevier. E.cle. Barnett and C.L. l-1 19. and F.A.Cctton Wikkinson.G.Advancecj Chemistry- ntersc ience. Sanderson R.T. lnorganic Chemistry lnr-.rrgarr ir, I 20. tr)^r)Etr) iL tU - Reinhold. ,^Uer/l ,crr,\-/ DLt\/qlaAl /o< hre I ll J. \/ \ JJ I Gaseous State: lcleal gas-gas equa..ion-gas constant-Kinetic theorS,-expression ftli ttlr' p."=s,-.,ie-Der ivat ion of gaS laws Dev iat ion f rom irJea I tlehav irrrrr ' cqiiatlan Vanr,lc'i- Y"a ll VanCcr \,'aal5 de ','i;i.icn. Cou:es for conStants-Limitations Of Vanden WaalS equation-the virial equation r>f state-Critical phenomena Critical constants and their experimental cleterminat ion. Relat ion between crit ica I constants and Vander Wa lls' corresponding of state prirrciple of COntinuity constants. anrl density ing limit state of ion equat states-reduced qases-Maxrt'ells in velocities molecular of molarrnaSs-Distribution ecluation Graphicai repreSentation of distribution of vel('( ities-RMS mean and most probable velocities-Mean free path collisir;n ntJn'bor collisicn frequency in a simp le 9as-heterogeneo(JS r-ollisir>n irr 't rn i<tu.e of gases 7 P? C _:12:_ L iquef act ion of demagnet isat ion. I V I Propert ies of aprour tens ion-v II I gases Linde and \- I claude's Pr(rcess adiabat ( L : ic tS trrs. ) iqu ids p r essure isco_e iiy_f Iu and its measuremen idity ( r.ro'-.,p". ir"Lltu f .",::i::::[j srrrf ace I Thermodynamics_l concept of temperature-different forms of energy_The rmo clynamir_a equiribrium crosed op€n .;; isorated .u.i"r"=-"xtensive anrr intensi,ze properties' lsothermal-adiabati.-i.o.iI-lc-isobarir-r^(:riers.ir-rre processes. Finst l;; anr.r therrnodynamics-inrernar :::':t;:'o'" "; changes at l,orume process and constant inax imu ac.Jiabat o of idea I gas-work a:relal ion !apac it' ar consta., "o.:=o='r":.t'i:rJ:::I:.j;". cp ancr cx . j;;; t t;' der ivat ion and c .Thern,c basis of wonk of fon an iJ.rr gas-variarion "rp-.,=Ln f9. with temperature. porv-io,i'i. sases-Eqrr ipart irof heat :::,:;Jt'"= ir>rr of coef f ic ient-invers,.tXti.til"'.".:1".-.ln"mson ef fecr-Jor.r re-Th.;rnsirrr I :J:?ilIJ-'E^,h.'[d, endotn":I'' reacr ions. rher,o ii"=:':';;:":;;,;"J,];ir';;,.;::;_-,;:.".i"i::,lt':"'i_":1,., _ f1 .. _ _+-' rh--^^-. i rra.t ini-,!-srJ;-i ia;-ci lV rLrrr r''-:l'i uoir'i eriiir-q le.- ",,;;;,-out.' , en.! c-hernir a I "",h.,J,,: .r!rI I i:.: I i ( I {!.I ,) y () t Thermodyr-ram !cs_2 NeecJ for the second Law_Available work_Spontan€()rJS arrrl -"iLaw :::X_11:1:^",.::^_=o..o.ur.:_seccnd thermocrvn.am i. c ru(rr_. rt(rt \ rra|rtL -. ..,"-,, _: llrt'rnlooynamic scale o ^crrrr ancl its pr.rrf ,. cntropy charrge in d irreversib le rr_..== nd volunre cJepencJence es-their- s ign if icanr_e, s. C ch.em ica laus ius_C lapevron ;??"; J:;::,",ll; "il r potent i. r . uXi lT,,,l?,,Ii,. .iT,;::l; so r id_so r io, =.i[,_T,;]:;:ri",,:jl,,l:;, ;j thermodynamics. Absotute entr^opy_Morar :ntropy changes accornpany ing chemica I reac.t io.,="ltrop), ( tO hrs. ) 11 -: l3: - a V Chemical Equilibrium Re'orsil'le reactions-Law of mass action-Eqt-riribriunr c()nstants Ki, Ke c-,I-r . i': r' and rHermocJynamic equ ilibrium constant un its arrcl tr-..rr .rel'rt itrr- ';'actors inf luenc rng equilibrium constant-Derivat ion of ti-re larv or mass act ion from K inet ic theory and thermor:ryhdn.r ics Erperimenta I ve-'f icat ir,n-Free . i;;;'" of chenrica I react ions_ reacI ions isotiierm-vani't Hoff".,".oy, isochore. stancJar-d free cner-q1, ctr r-eactions. prcdicting tl_re influer _e of t.nrDerature-Pressure-concentnat ion c,iranges and ..rf acrrJit i.n An irrert gas on the eqrriribr^irrm c,f the foilowing neactions. ,a? ' t2--, 2 Ht 9): Nz ' 2 ' o2-' (s ) ,to(n) oz (s) 2SO + 3H2 _._> Nz (s) 2 NH3 (g )<- (g) (- 2so3 PC 1r-r Pcta + ClZ i NZ Oo__, zNO?. PI i|rc ip lc of mob i re equ i r ibr ium-Lechato r ier, s pr irrc ip re anrr application to the above equilibrium Degree rl issor.iation arr.l of rli.-qsociat ion constant from density ,"J=r.",nents. H.rrrrrrrnnorrrrr ecluilibrium in solution-esterif ication-Heterogenr:orrs 1,.prili[.,rirrrrrDecompcsitionofsolidCaCo,->Cuo*Co,iNHarls-> ./ tr a-. i<'ies of iotr-Factors inf luencing the rate-rntc r,r1rr;rl ratr. constc-irl[ - 'I-eac'r order ancl molecularity of reactions, 7-err>, f irst . i.,r-r s.-,(()r)(!, tlrir-<J anrJ fr^actiona! oi^der r-eactions-Ecl-rcrtirin fr,;. ll rrr.rlr,r. r.r,;rr ri.rr tt'ith same and different initial concetration of re.r( [;r rrts-[-)r.riv;rtirrrr of integr^atecl rate equat ions. Graphica I representat ion int.rlratnrl rate equat ion-Acid hydr-olysis of ester inversion of r>f r ir,^ Srnn^if ia=. i-- !.f ::irLrLi\-.i . ! esipr-, dea.cn:i:s'..i--..::i iii rrr.(rriill)()strt()il r'ji-)' cl 2 reaction-Pseuclo unimolec lar reactions. i,[ |.1 1l?, Time for frarli,rr;rl clranges. Kinetics of reversible, parallel ancl ao.="a,.,,,.,., r^e,cr(tiorrs. [)eter^mination of onder Tnial-differential nate e(]uatio.-franrl irrrral c Irange and isolat ion method. lnf luence of temperatr]ro orr thc, rato Arrhenius equation-Graphical representation-Calculati.rr rtf Arr.lr.rrirrt parameters-Exp lanat ion for the inf luence-Energy t>l .r,' ivat iorr-c'.lis theory-Derivation of rate equation for seconc.l orr.ror- r-r,ar_tirlrr irrrr fr orrr collision theory-Transition state theory-catalysts arrrJ rtr rilte reactions-catalysts-homogeous and heteroqeneor.rs ralalysis v.illr examples-characteristics of Catalysis-interme-rjiaf r: (.()trrl)()tut(l frrr rrr;rti,rrr theory-Absorption theory of catalysts -catalysis r-rrrrl ;rr t ii,.-rli.rr energv-Enzyme cata lysis and its characterist ics. ( 15 l-rrs -: vil t 14:- a istry lnf luence ofraCiat ion on reac t ions ]_ t tht.rs-Draper-Law the Law-Qua.r{,-,m i-ate of r,'::r-Lambertreac I ions plrr tor.frorrr i.al Law, E inste ins react ions Pr imany-Secondar.y ion 16;"li;=;::T;: o";;,,; " "',j i"','1"', J"o,iiZt,'o.,n,o vt t I tt l"r:::1", _o,.p ,, I uc.'rescerlC€, j?nr_i ll". I LE dno E[T::|:['":;;.'XTi',:I';,'iI"J-.:=':l:" ^ ^ ^rr-^"^.^1 ^ ::::iJ?tr;,'"1,"-.-;::Tiili: introduct ion ;-;.diar ion chemistr-v and *re ILlttrasoni.' l:1*,...u *u,,u="".;'J;'Jn,,::, errect or .';:1i:"*. (5 hrs. ) i r :lltr V III Phys ica I pnopert ies and Molar refract ion ;if Chemica t ica I rmin'at ;*-'J:[-.','J:J I const itut ion exa llat ion-App ricat ion in srructrra io., or'';,'o;remornent by temperat,re ient number of prob lems to be' worked out s r Book s for det a i led st u dy . srrf f ic lasstone and Lew is I G 2 AJMee 3 un r its t., physicat chenristry I,1"r:",: Physical :l Chemistnv Phys ica I Chemistr y As ian pr.rb , I islrers D.:niels and Alberty HOuse. t.t-..^-.^ 9 t0 ll 12 PAPER V PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 95 I Solid State: r-re ,secJ Hr^s _ II -: l5:- Br'lgq's methocl ,.r) .t inq crysta I methoc, nrJ powrJsp-nrc,rt.rr>rl ,f analy'sis' carcurat ir n ,ri Avogadro Number-density .rnd mr>ran nrass from crvstallograph ta. Erucidation of structr.rre of NaCr and KC I fronr crysta liog, ic data. Co_ordinat ion nt.rrnber_cub ir_ ancJ hexagonal crose pacr. 3-EffiCiency in crose packingTetrar-rer:Jr-al Oc tahedra I vo ids. Sefecrs in crystals'_FrenkE I ;. ; Sc-hor anrJ tky clefects-stoichrometric and Nonstoichionretric intrinsic ancJ etricsic conduct ivity n,- pJefects s mic.orrrhrctors tv,pes. Alloys ']l'r::' ari'a.irges-ronic-convarent ',,,,,rcr,l;o,and cr\ sta ls-c lassif icat ion_examp les. ( 13 11 trrs. ) Electrical conductance: le'ctrol'sis,-products of erectrorysis-Faraday,s Laws-Faracray,_sper, if ic. i'a lent and molar conductance, their measurements-cel Elfect of clilut ion on conductance str-ong and we;i< I .onstarlt. ereclr-oryt.st_ Migration of ions-Transport Number-Det".i,i.atio., by Hittr i f,s ar-rrl nror.ring bouncJary method. Arrhenius theory E eqtl of elec.trolyt ir, l rheory ( qua r itat ive) Debye Hrrcke l. onsagar Eeuation (no cerivation) Activity, and actirzily co-effi<-ierrt .f electroll,test. KOhlrauseh's Law ionic conclu.tanc. Degree crf ionisation of n,eak electrolytest_solubility of sDaringly soluble sa its-ion ic product of water, conductometric ions-s-t.o.g ac irls with strong and weak bases, mixture oft itnat strong ancr weak acicls-precipitation titrations-advantages lonic condr.,ctance anrj absolute veiocity of ions and its determination. conciuct ion-Debye-Hucke -r:r,,lih'--i- Osii"'al'J's '.j iiution Lar..''-A.rrhenius, Lora,,ny-Bronsteri anrJ l-r,lvi:., r()r)r.\r\r of acirl:. ancJ bases. lr_rnisation of weark ac irjs arrrl rvr:al< bases-PKa-PKb-common ion effect-sorubirity prodL.rct-Apprir_atirrrr irr a.(3 lysis-salting out soap solvy process-Hydrorysis of r1l ail types .-'alts Degree of ionstant irs retat !r'drolysis-Hydrolysis i.r, r. Krt-Deterntination of' de=rce ;f hva,.t,i.,.:s t-, 1. cr-.^:il :. ar,,, r:'- ' '-ution nreiirocs. pH-detenmination by conductance ancJ incj ic_atr.rr nrethod' Buf fers-Buf fer capac ity on ef f ic iency-ca lcr-r lat ion of pl-l rt{ Buf fens-Henclerson equat ion-AFp licat ion of br-rffers-J heory ct{ ar.ir) l-ra-so iniicators. ( ,: trr rrnr ) lV E lectromot ive force: Electr:'cl-emical cells-Daniell cell-r^eversible nrrrl irreversil-, le cells-\\'es on-cadmium cell,single electr^ode potentials, ele,ctrocherrir al series emf of cells - standand potentials and strl enrf of r-ells_Strl hydrogen electrode-calomel electrode Types of electroc]e,s, E lectr.r:Je reaction-cell r eaction. Nemst equation for electnode poiential and emf of cells IUPAC sign convention. Application of Gibb,s-Helm[-rolrz equat ion to ga lvamic cer r. ca rcu rat ion of G, H, s and equilibrium constant K from emf data. Concentration cells Electror:le r -: V 16: v - a ( 15 Di lute So hrs. ) lut ions entrat ions of solut ions in rolarity r rnola lity, rnc)lef rar t irrrr [) ilutr: solutions-colligative property_Rault,s L.;. Lorver-ing oI vaf)orrr press,re measurement-ca lcu lat ion of mo lar mass E levation of bo i I ing proint-relat ion of lowering of ,rupor.- pressure. Ther modynamic.. cJerivat ion ca lcu lat ionof m"olanmass. anri Lancrsbers,s method. -Depression Backr in #:::,; .;?", ?i3:l?:Xr;: Conc lotr('ritrq of v'P' Tlrermooy.,u-n.',i. der ivation calculation of rrr.rar. Measrl.cment by Beckmann's and m(-rss. methods. osnr.sis osmot ic_ nressrrr'€, senr ir;ermeab le membrane,Rast's its product ion. Measurement r>f osrrrr)t ic pressure b-y Be.ke ly and Hart ley' ; methocrs Laws rt[ ()srrrrrt ir Dress,re Van't Hoff's equation calculation of mclrar mass. Alrrr.rrrrrir mola. nr(rsses-vanrt Hoffs factor-Degree ancl ttr6,ip calculation from measurement of dissociat Ion and Assr,( iat i..,rr of colligative proper ties. r - ll., :':= ' _: v.,.u tv11r oPr ty Cnll,'i'l-r 5rortr_rrue sorutton_coloids and - s(.rspension_r_omparison. rvoprr ir anrr ryoprrc>r, i< :Jiiil;:' ";:o:;",:t .il,'ll!:,^:^',n -;;;o conr-;crrsar ion ."t"no"o:'.'-''-' ";r";i,tJj;;j'"" rJs ic oJ, .",=...,l,,,x1:,:T,: ;Jl: propenries or conoicis-rynda, :l;::iI:,iarvsis -!-I:llltration. erecr ,-o:,-,ics;s =.:;:,:?:,,'""::;:::::iT.r, electri< I cjouble Iayer- ZLta potenrial r"T:;:.:::: o.,;i";.':?rffi; sh'lz r'' \- pr'oteci ive .olrids-Gord (qruliruli.ye) Coa!utation.t_1ardy numbe.-EMu rsions_oir in warer and ,'.ater rn oil types. Ernulsifying agen t s-Ge s_ i n,,. ib i t ion_s5,neres; 'm is. I On ic colloids. Absoi,l ion-gases on sorids-sorutes i sce I les_App I ic a t ion of on sorir-Js. Absor-pt irrn isothermq-Der ivat ion of Langumu ir absorpt ion isorhornr its Llmitat ir:n-Gibbs adsorption isotherm ' statement exp lanat ion-chroiratog.aphy-Adsor pt arrrl ion part -,-.''J' it ion Chr.maroqrapr-ry gas and liquid chromatognaphy_thin --J lYt 't' rr I rr I laper arr rJ paf)er chromatography_Rf I va lues. V I I Phase Ru le: I ( rs- ho*rr) ved. Ther mooy,namic derivat ion of n system-Sulphe: system, SolirJ_ e eutect ic systc,rrs_Ag_pb system water system_Frec,z ing m ix tt_rres_ , !: l7:thernr'rl analysis solid liquid equilibr';r involving compound formation tt'it[-rcongrtrent and incogruent melti J points-Ferric cl-rloride-woter s\"stem-socl ium sr-r rphate tt/ater - r,rid-gas system decorrposit ion -systeni of caco3 and crehicir ation cf cuso+. 5H; o, Deriquescence and ef f lorescence- Gas riqu id system. Absorpt ion coef f i^ ient-Henry,s Larr'-Liqtric'J Liquid Systems-completely miscible ideal and non ideal soltltions' Rar'rlt's Law-its application-Vapoun pressure-composition < r:r-r' es-TonrDeratLrre Compos it ion curves-f ract iona l rJ st i l lat ioncleviation from Rot-llt's Law-Azeotropic mixtures-partially miscible lirlrricl: critical solution temperature-conjugate layers immissible liqrricis-stearn distillation-Mo1.wt from steam disttiliation-lnflLrence inrprrnitl' on critical solution temper^ature-Graphical represen.r.ation of rtf three comp()nent ..q)'stem. Nernst distribution Law-Derivation frr>rrr phse rr-rle and thermodynamics-Lrmitations of tr-re raw. Appriratir.rrr.-, of tlre latv to studyassociation and dissociation-sc-rlvent extractirrn h),cirorvsis of sarts-the quiribirum Kr+14 = Kr 6. ( i5hc.,.^s) Note : -srf f ic ient number of be lrserJ . Books prob lems to be worked Sl Units o(rr to for detailed study: . Glasstone & Lew is - E rements of phys ica l chem rstry 2 A) Mee-Phys ica I Chem istry 3 Deniels and Alberty-Physical Chemistr y (Asian p,rt>lishinq ll.rsn) 4 Moore-Pl-ry,_< 1.u ; Chem istry 5 Barrorry-Phys ica I Chemistry I 6 Par i Fe Sh.a'-m -.Dt-.',e i^- I .t---:-^ L' '-, DLr nnOSla-Pn\,,q taa | ('l-,em icf-.r i:ialSSione-Tex, | t^hnmi^+^., irook r-,f Phr,cir= rJ v'!sr vrrLrrrrrrr y Phr.'cie I rh6 p ; uiicffr istry by R i.r,!G= Verma lo - 1l Physical Chemistry by pnutten ancl Maran 12 Ptrys ica I Chem istry by Kapoor e, Kapoor PAPER V I ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II I lU 1 . a rrrcients ane to U" tr a ined in work ing out prob lerns invo lr., irrcl fi; ling out of str-uctunal formulae on the basis of .l<-tta J:t-oqrirlorl on u, it react ions. l- Structure:. of compcunds are expected cases speciiical l! rr:-ht ioned. Mechan isms ment ioned. l!. lll'. of neact to be iverJ ions are expectecl only in casos Electronic interpretation of the reactivityof erpected. cJer on ly s;rer_if lt icallv functionar grr)rrr)s is \ 4 -:18:C.rrboxy lic ac id and their Derivat ives: a) ic .:c ids : no ancl pnopert ies acetic, Dropionic and benzoi a lipl'rat ic ac icJ series_Structure srrt'rclitrrents or-r tl-re acidic stren b) Uns'rturatecr ac icrs: prepanat ion and propert ies of at r y ric ac ir1 , Cr-otonic acicl and Cinnamic c-lcid. c) Derivatii,,es of. acids: preparation and properties of acirJ acicJ anhydr^ides, acid amic,es anrJ esters_Dimr:rhvt :ll[;.i,:, rl) lla loqenatecr ac icrs: pneparat ion and pr-opert ies of nr.ne, di anrJ tr-icl-rloro acet ic acicjs_uses. Mr,noc arbor v Pr-ep.:r^at ion I r') I methocls of pnep.:rat ion ar,.l ancl us(rs of lar t ir r itrt;rr ir . and synlhesis of c.itrict ar_irJ hy drox y ac irjs_S.r I ir y I ir a, i rl , ethyl saliryl;rtr, ;rrrrl .;alol er-a f) [)i.ar-lrr-..:,., s) F'ltS' 'oils' soar)s and dtergents: occ,rrenco .rf [arir .ir., viaYes anrl thein chenric.al r lr'rrariarisr ir s-r, '1r-.rvsis r>f oirs Sap'rrif ir,arr;,1:'l,?,1'']1.',,',','., ,,[ .:i:];l rr ar-ruiircture Sapctnif ication valut ancJ iocl ine, \,a l,rn 5.1 .r ir .iqnificance, Sr,,ntl-retic lrr dctergents €rc_t ion of Sr)ct[). C.rrbonic acid cldr-ivatives: preparation, r -t irnat ion ancr rses of urea-manufacturepropert ios .-qtt.rrr Iur r, of rrrea-T, irrrrc,r Ser'ir:arbazicje-Urea formardeh5,de resins Gtrarnicr ine prep(.'at ion-basic ity of guanicjine. lr3 lic ariris: [\ia-ag6,_ylir a)ri,t_ rtl)1,, .lrJisri, arrrl rlscs ll,l,,,r properties r_J,rSatrrr-alerl Of ano fumaric acir.ls_plrtlrarlir es and rl ist irrctir>n fr-r>rrr r)no ..-. r) ) Esters cor 'a in ing react ive m'-thy rene grorrp. ic est( ' arrd cyanoacet ic ester-preparat Ar-etr-r.lc-et ic esrc,r ion ancJ svntl-ret ir rrses-Mechanisrir of Claisen conG_nsation as i,-i,',=,"..i"o--r,r., rl.ro s'nthesis cf aceloacetic esten-str^uc,rrre of .:c:ioacetir_ ester. rlra lon r (zo frrs. ) a! \ -:19:II an Nitroqen Compounds Nitro clerivat ives of a ll< r'l lv a lkanes-n itro a lkanes propert ies es-pren ara t ion and prr>rlrrr-lS of ancJ propert ies-rerluct ion n it r it Nitrolrerrznne-prepar<tt ion irr ,'gnc variotrs media benzicJine rearrangerrr:nt lra,'ri.tt,-in-r-l ir-ritrober-rzene-TNT-preparation and-uses-Alkt, I rvanicjes. isoc v a rr rr le's a n rl isoc 5,on a te.'e-ment ion on ly . ni1prrl1erl nrc< Anrino flrrrrl-rounrJs: Aliphatic amines nomenclatune-isomerism 1', 2o, 3' anrines-Genera I metl'rorJs of preparat ion and propert ies D inst inct ion betrreen 1^, 2n, 3" amines-their separ-ation from a ntixtLlre of the three-corrrp.rrat ive basic ity of the three types l', 2" anrl 3'Carrternarv, antmonium compounds. 46rrmdtic anrines aniline-pneparation and properties Synthnsis ,tl !r,l'rirlirrcs. l.>enzr'l amine, N-Methyl aniline-N, N-cJimethyl arrilirrr: ;rrr,l rr.-r:rlrthi l arrrines-lheir properties. (12 irr.-..) II I D i.rzo Compounds: D iazomethane-preparation and sy,nthet ic. and synthet ic uses-Benzone ic uses-structure. rrsos-[) ia;'r'ar et ic cster-pi-eparat ion , i i.-'r,-r,rr i r r rrr r lr lor i de-prep arat ion-sy nt het (8 hrs.) l\/ Sulphonic acicJs and SUlphus Compounds: lntroduct ion to Ierm:s srr,:[-, as r"r',^r ant.,,rt strlpl-roricje, Sulphonet ar-rcJ sulphonir- air.l. rlitl-r e. artrfr los ilcr.,-ene srrll-lhonic. ac,id, to ltrene sulphonic ar-i(.1 . tolrteno srrlnlro'r" I r lrlrrrirJc'-irr-eparation, properties, ancl uqes sulphanilic. ar iri. srrlJrlranilanrina, saccharin-sy,nthesis ancl uses-Sulpha cJntrgs (nrerr t ion orr lr, ) s V Amino acicJs, polypeptides and proteins Alpha amino acicls-cla.-ssification-acicic, basis and neutral-synthesis of glyc.ine a lanine phen1, a lanine trlrptophan and Cystine-Z wiLtcr- ion property of amino aci(is i,cr)electric point Sorensen titration E lementary, strtr.ly of poll.pepticJes anrl pnoteins Classification of proteins-qr:rroral ch.-lracteristics-clenatrrnatiorr hydrolysis-peptide synthesis-nrrr-le-prrrterirrs RNA, DNA. their biological role-enzymes-an elementary treatment( tz hrs. ) character ist ics of enzyme act ion. Heteocr'cli< Conrpor-rnds: Defihition and classification-nomonclatrrr-e of five anrj si.. rnenrberen nings containing one ann two clatLlre of five ancl six nrernbe,'acJ rings containing one and two identical or different hetero atonr*.-Pre,i .3ration /synthesis and properties of the following compor-tncls: Py'rrolr. furan thiophene, pyridine, rlt,rinoline indole. crnd isoqtr inol ine (D. r ivat ion of structr,:'es not expected)-Ment ion ctf pyran and pyr^inridine 'comparison of br.sic strengths of py.;^role, pyricline ancl piperidine-Hoffmnn's exhaustive methylation as applierJ (tZ trr-s.) to pipericjine Vll Terpenes: Occurrenc,e, classif ication, ceneral methorJs of isolation ancl general characteristics-lsolatior, of citral .:ncl geerniol.-inclirrling clucidation of structure-isopr ^ne nule-natrlral rubber (e lenrentary treatme-t )-Synthet ic rubben-B -ras, Buna N. (7 hr-s. ) neor)rene, thiol<ol-uses. \r -z2O:- Vllt Alkaloids: Occurrence, general methods of uses-isolation of contine and synthesis-met ion of nicot ine. lX iso lat ion p iper ine , genera inc lu d ing I propert ies and structure and (t* houns. ) Dyes: lassif icat ion based on structune and mode of app I icat ion- Synthes is C of the following dyes: Azo dyes Phthalein Vat dye I brange, Congo red, par-a ned Malachite Green, nosaniline, Crystal Violet Phenolphthalein, f luorescein, cosin lndigo Alizanin (elucidat ion of structure of a lizt in Methy TPM dyes dyes Anthraquinon dye expected. ) Relation betweencolour and chemical constitution. X I somerism: chain, functional group and position isomerism-Keto-enol tautomerism-Ster^coisomerism-geometrical isomerism due to nestricted rotation about a double bond-examples-lsomenism due to restr icted rotat ion about a sing le bond Conformat ions of n-butane and cyclohexane4ptical isomerism E lements of symmetny-Chirallity Conf igurat ion-enant iomers-racemic modif iat ions-diastercomens-opt ical lsomerism of lactic and tartaric acidsoptical isomerism without presence of asymmetnic carbon i llustrated by a llenes and b iplreny lsR and S conf igurat ion w ith nefenence to compounds conta in ing one asymmetr ic car^bon-abso lute conf igurat ion-Methods of reso lut ion-Asymmetr ic synthesis. ( tS hrs. ) Xl Spectroscopy lementary ideas of the app licat ion of spect;-DS-spectroscopy to' simp le organ ic Systems. E Text Books I 2 3 4 5. 7. lR, UV and MR (a hrs. ) for both I €, I Organic Cr,:mistry, Vol I - l.L Finar-Longmans Organic Cher,-,istry, - MOnrison and Boyd - Pnentice Hall Organic Chemistry -Hendickson, Crm & Hammond Organic Chemistry S.M. ,Mukhenj i, S.P. Singh O B.P. Kapoor Wiley Eastern or^ganic chemistny - s.N. Mehrothna, K.s Tewar i €/ N.K.vishnoi-vikas Principle of Reactio,-r Mechanisms in onganic chemistry-panman o Recommended I Chawla - Sultan Chand €r Sons. 8. Reaction mechanism in organic chemistry - s.M. Mukher-j i o s.p. Singh - Mac Millan. 9. A guide book to Mechanism in organic cheraistny - peter- sykes Onient Longmans. 10. Physical Organic Chemistr^y-J.Hine-Mc Graw h;ll. I -.)1._ PAPER V I I POLYMER CHEMISTRY - I (gs hrs. l. Basic concepts of polyer Science ( to ) hns. ) Polyme. science - Historicar Deveropment - present status classif ication of porymers-Homo potvmei -- coporymen branched and cross tinked porymers gnaft and -brock I inean coporymens - Rubbens - prastics thermo prastics thermosetting prastics f ibnes - chanacteristic featunes of each. Natuna I and Synthet ic polymers Basic concept of monomers functionarity - Morecuran weight distnibution - Degree of polymerisafion. and morecuran weight 2. nd chemica I bonding in polymers ( hrs. ) amorphous behav iour- of po lymerslO cha ic idea on ry ) T9 €t Tm po rymer so rut ion in ityof polymers fnact ionat ion swelling of cross 3. Polymerisation Add it iona I ( tt* hrs. ) po lymgn isat ion Free nadica term inat ion- I poymer isat ion _ in it iat ion propagat lon ic po lymer. isat ion _ .it ion ic and ion and polymerisation - types of monomens which porymer^ise an ion ic ionicaily; in it iat ion - p,-opagat ion and tenm inat ion. 4. Condensat ion po lymer isat ion (ltr hns. ) L inear condensat ion _ Extend of react ion _ degnee of Polymenisation - three dimensional polymenisation ..o.== linking gel point - r'earrangement and ning scission_ porymerisat ion co-or dination porymerisation -stereo negurar^ porymerisation ziegler - Natta cataryst tacticity in porymers cis - bans isomerst ' 5. Techn iques of po lymer isat Butk porvmerilation - ion sorution porymerisation ,,i]3"l!i;l polymerisation - emursion porymerisation. disadvantages of these different techniques. 6. Advantages and isation of polymer^s. Molecular weight distnibution-Number average weight average viscosity avenage. M. wt apprication.l -oi-corigatibe propert ies for molecu tar weight determinat _ Chanacter ltnacentr ifue - So lut (E lementany study on ly ) u ion v iscos Gel penmeation chno matography. ion ity End gnoup "nJ mo lecu lar ana ly s is s ize -:22:7 . I Natuna Po lymers. Natura I rubber - Latex co I lect ion and treatment compos it ion and structure, Drry natunal rubbe, modified rubbens. Cellulose cellulose based polymer products - cotton - rayon - cellulose n itnate - cellu lose acetate etc. 8. I norgan ic po lymer^s ( S hrs. ) (Elementany study only) Phosphoros and Nitrogen containing Polymers, Boron - Nitnogen Polymers Onganometallic metallic chelate polyrnens. Reference Books: 1. A text book of polymer science - F.W. Billmeyer^, John Wiley t Sons. 2. Polymen Science. V.R. Gawarikar, N.V.Viswanathan, J.Sreedhar, Wiley Eastern Ltd. , New Delhi. 3. Rubben Technology - Manrice Morton - Van Nostrand - Reinhold New York. PAPER VI I I POLYMER CHEMISTRY II Commerical Polymers 1. Rubbens: Manufactune, General Properties O applications of the fo I low ing rubber^s - Natura I rubben, styrene-butadiene rubber, Polybutadiene, poly isoprene, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, neoprene (Polychloroprene rubber) I ity nubber^s Proper^t ies and app I icat ion hy upa lon , silicons, acrylics, polyurethanes, fluoro canbons, thermo plastic Spec ia e lastomers. ( tS hrs. ) 2. Plastic - THermoplastics and thermosets, manufactune, properties and app !ciation of the following p lastics - polyethy lene polypropy lere-polystyrene-polyviny I ch loride. of po lymethy I methacry late and othen acry lic plastics. Polyamides nylon 6, nylon 66, ar^omatic amides viz. Propert ies and u5es ar^am ides. Thermoplastic polyestens - unsaturated polyesters. Poly carbonates - acetal resins Po lypheny lene ox ides - Po lysu lphones. 3. Propert ies and uses of phenolic nesins - unea resins - Melamine -fonmaldehyde resins. IZO hrs. ) forma ldehyde (S hrs.) t-7:- t